IV manipulated by experimenter, DV may be measured in a laboratory or in the ‘field’. Field experiment Experiment conducted in more everyday surroundings than a laboratory (experimenter goes to participants). Types of experiment Laboratory experiment Experiment conducted in a very controlled environment (participants go to the experimenter). Operationalisation Variables must be defined in a way that they can easily be tested. At least two levels of the IV in an experiment. Dependent variable (DV) – measured by experimenter to assess effects of IV. Independent variable (IV) – directly manipulated by the experimenter. Narcissism is characterized by a grandiose sense of self-importance, a lack of empathy for others, a need for excessive admiration, and the belief that one is unique and deserving of special. A research method which demonstrates causal relationships. There is no difference between the memory test scores of people who sleep for eight hours and those who sleep for five hours. Null hypothesis Abbreviated as H 0 This is a statement of no difference (NOTE: do not use the term ‘relationship’). People who sleep for eight hours perform differently on a memory test from those who sleep for five hours. Non-directional ( two-tailed ) hypothesis just states there is a difference.
People who sleep for eight hours do better than those who sleep for five hours. Behavior according to Woodworth is a collective nature of.
Direction of hypothesis Directional ( one-tailed ) hypothesis states direction of the hypothesis (e.g. Psychology as science of behavior: This is the most accepted definition of psychology in modern era. A hypothesis should be precise and testable (i.e. A hypothesis should include both levels of the IV. Experimental hypothesis Abbreviated as H 1 A statement about the effect of the IV on the DV. It is a statement about the whole population rather than just the sample and therefore it is about people not participants. A hypothesis is a statement of what is believed to be ‘true’, stated in present tense. A hypothesis is not a question.This is a research question: Do people who sleep more do better at school? A hypothesis is not an aim.This is a research aim:To investigate whether sleeping more means that your memory is better. 2.2.4 Directional (one-tailed) and non-directional (two-tailed) tests and hypotheses. (2) Spec spotlight 2.2.3 Experimental and null hypotheses. [2) (b) Write a null hypothesis for Martha’s teacher’s study.
(a) Write an experimental and null hypothesis that Martha could use to test this claim. Martha’s teacher claims that mind maps help with remembering facts more than creating linear notes. Strengths and weaknesses of the two types of experiment are on page 126. 2.2.2 Independent and dependent variables. [5) Spec spotlight 2.2.1 Designing and conducting experiments, including field and laboratory experiments. Explain how she might go about this, with reference to the independent and dependent variables and any controlled variables. Ravy is conducting a field experiment on facial recognition. Compare the use of field and laboratory experiments in cognitive psychology.
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